Who actually invented wireless telegraphy, Jagadish Chandra Bose or Marconi

The question remains!!!

They have faced conflicts in many ways, first as Indians and then as Bengalis. Shouldn't Jagadish Chandra Bose have rights on the Nobel Prize that Marconi won in 1909 jointly with Karl Ferdinand Braun? Who invented wireless telegraphy in 1895 and what is the actual history behind the invention of wireless telegraph? Isn't that honor that Marconi got for the development of wireless telegraphy using the theory of Jagadish Chandra Bose? Isn't ? Even today, many people listen to this debate and ask, what exactly did Jagadish Chandra Bose make that Marconi get success using his theory? The question remains.

Image of Jagadish Chandra Bose

Who is Jagadish Chandra Bose and what is the contribution of him?

Coherer receiver, by Guglielmo Marconi, 1896

He was the first scientist who discover that plants have the same life cycle as living organisms, they also give rise to excitement. He proved that trees can feel pain. He invented the crescograph to analyze and understand the effectiveness of various stimuli in plants. The science behind capturing radio waves is first demonstrated by Jagadish Chandra Bose. He wrote two books: ‘Response in the Living and Non-living’ and ‘The Nervous Mechanism of Plants’. He also conducted research on radio waves. He improved an instrument called the Coherer that was used to detect radio waves. This is the contribution of Jagadish Chandra Bose. In December 1895  the british magazine, The Electrician, praised this Coherer instrument. In April 1899, The Proceedings of The Royal Society published Jagadish Chandra Bose's research paper.

The circuit of a coherer receiver

But now, Acharya Jagadish Chandra Bose’s place in history has been re-evaluated by IEEE, and is credited with the invention of the world’s first wireless detection device. Marking the 100th anniversary of the diode and the 50th anniversary of the transistor, a special issue of the New York-based Institute of Electronics and Electrical Engineers (IEEE), made out a definitive case for Sir Jagadish Chandra Bose, the Indian biologist and physicist.

Bose’s wireless demonstration was remarkable for a couple of reasons. First, it was two years before Marconi’s first public demonstrations of wireless telegraphy in England. Also Marconi was interested in commercializing, Bose’s interest was purely academic. Bose refused to patent nearly all of his inventions that would spring from his tiny workshop, on the principle that ideas should be shared freely.

 

History:

He never patented his work. While Marconi was celebrating his discovery, Bose was unknown to many, as he never patented his work. He developed a component of the electrical circuit that could be used to receive radio signals Uninterruptedly. This device is called Coherer. Before the invention of Jagadish Chandra Bose, all the coherer that was available in the market had a flaw. Once the electromagnetic signal was received, it took some time to return again to a functional state. There was nothing fault of the Coherer system, which he make in U-shaped tube using mercury and iron. In December 1895  the british magazine, The Electrician, praised this  instrument. In April 1899, The Proceedings of The Royal Society published Jagadish Chandra Bose's research paper.

Image of Marconi with coherer

Interestingly again, Jagdish Chandra's notebook was mysteriously lost during a visit to London the same year. There was a perfect explanation about this coherer. But Marconi said that he knew nothing about it. He received the coherer from a Lieutenant of the Italian Navy and his childhood friend Luigi Solari. Prabir Bandyopadhyay, a Bengali technologist at The Johnson Space Center in Houston, wrote a great article on this subject. It was published in The Proceedings of IEEE, a world-renowned organization in New York. The full name of the company is Institute of Electronics and Electrical Engineers. Prabir Bandyopadhyay in his long article of twenty-seven pages shows that Marconi skillfully played hide and seek with his coherer. This Italian technologist did not reveal the actual information.